When our beloved pets face pain, anxiety, or chronic illness, it's only natural for us to seek out the most compassionate and effective ways to help them. One medication that's been gaining attention in both human and veterinary medicine in the past 5 years, is low dose ketamine—and it’s not what most people expect.

What is Ketamine?

Ketamine is most commonly known as a dissociative anaesthetic, used in both veterinary and human medicine since the 1960s. At full anaesthetic doses, it produces unconsciousness and pain relief. However, at much lower doses, ketamine works differently. It acts as a neuromodulator, helping reset pain pathways, reduce inflammation, and support emotional regulation.

In veterinary care, low dose ketamine (or microdose of ketamine) is being used to help dogs with chronic pain, anxiety, mobility challenges, and end-of-life discomfort—all while remaining awake and aware.

How Does Low Dose Ketamine Work?

Low dose ketamine targets the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the brain and spinal cord. These receptors play a key role in pain signalling and in the development of chronic pain states. By blocking these receptors, ketamine can:

Interrupt chronic pain cycles
Reduce central sensitisation (where the nervous system becomes hypersensitive to pain)
Provide anti-inflammatory and antidepressant effects

It also stimulates other pathways, like AMPA receptors and opioid receptors, contributing to pain relief and mood stabilisation.

When Might We Use It?

Low dose ketamine can be a supportive tool in many scenarios, including:

Arthritis and joint disease
Cancer-related pain
Neuropathic pain (nerve-related)
Post-surgical recovery
Hospice and palliative care

In my own practice, I’ve seen it help older dogs regain comfort and calm, especially when they’ve reached a stage where other medications aren’t enough, or when side effects are becoming difficult to manage.

How Is It Given?

In veterinary medicine, low dose ketamine is typically administered:

As a aubcutaneous injection, just like vaccinations
Dr Taylah has compounded this medication so that it can be given orally so our elderly pets don’t need to have frequent injections.

It’s always tailored to the individual—taking into account their health status, other medications, and emotional needs.

Is It Safe?

At low doses, ketamine is generally considered safe and well-tolerated, even in geriatric or terminally ill dogs. It doesn’t suppress breathing and has minimal impact on blood pressure at these doses.

However, like any medication, it should be used thoughtfully. Dogs with certain conditions, such as uncontrolled heart disease, high intracranial pressure, or severe liver disease, may not be good candidates. This is why a thorough veterinary assessment is always important.

Why I Use It

For me, ketamine isn’t just a drug—it’s a gentle bridge. It offers a moment of peace and relief, especially when other medications are no longer effective or well-tolerated. Used in the right context, low dose ketamine can help restore dignity, comfort, and connection during a pet’s final days or during chronic pain management.

It’s one of the tools I turn to with love and respect—because our animals deserve every bit of care we can offer.

FAQs about low-dose ketamine for pets:

Yes, ketamine is sometimes misused as a recreational drug by people, but in the hands of trained professionals, it’s a safe and well-established medicine used every day in hospitals and veterinary clinics around the world. In fact, ketamine has been on the World Health Organization’s list of essential medicines for decades. At low doses, it works in a very different way than the high doses associated with sedation or recreational use—it helps regulate pain and support emotional wellbeing without causing a “high.”
That’s a really common concern, and I completely understand. At low doses, ketamine is not used to sedate. It doesn’t make most pets sleepy—instead, it gently helps to ease their pain and reduce the stress response. In fact, many animals seem brighter and more settled afterwards, especially if they’ve been living with chronic pain or anxiety.
Ketamine can be a powerful medication, depending on the dose. The dose used for low-dose ketamine is 10x smaller than the dose we use regularly in clinic. Dr Taylah even starts lower than the low-dose so that we dont have any undesired effects.
Chronic pain—like arthritis—can lead to changes in the nervous system that make pain worse over time. Low dose ketamine can help reset those pathways, offering comfort when other treatments have stopped working or are no longer tolerated. It’s not overkill—it’s just a different tool, used thoughtfully.
When used at low doses and with proper veterinary monitoring, ketamine is generally very safe, even for geriatric or terminally ill animals. In fact, in emergency and ICU medicine, we use ketamine and diazepam as these are some of the safer medications for pets that are critical.
Unlike many pain medications, it doesn’t suppress breathing or lower blood pressure significantly. Of course, every pet is different, and I always assess each individual’s medical history and needs before deciding if ketamine is a good fit.
Ketamine isn’t a cure—but it can be a game-changer in how we manage pain, especially when other treatments aren’t enough. For some pets, it brings lasting relief. For others, it helps improve quality of life in the short term, or serves as part of a larger plan including supplements, physiotherapy, or gentle home-based care.

References

Grubb, T., Sager, J., & Gaynor, J. (2020). 2020 AAHA Anaesthesia and Monitoring Guidelines for Dogs and Cats. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 56(2), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7055
Mathews, K. A., Kronen, P. W., Lascelles, D., Nolan, A., Robertson, S., Steagall, P. V., ... & Wright, B. (2014). Guidelines for recognition, assessment and treatment of pain. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 55(6), E10-E68. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.12200
Epstein, M. E., Rodan, I., Griffenhagen, G., Kadrlik, J., Petty, M. C., Robertson, S. A., & Simpson, W. (2015). AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 17(3), 251–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X15572062
White, P. F., & Schüttler, J. (1992). Ketamine: Its Pharmacology and Therapeutic Uses. Anesthesiology Clinics of North America, 10(3), 585–599.

Low Dose Ketamine for Dogs: A Gentle Helping Hand in Veterinary Care